Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life. According to him this could be attained through five
promisesviz.,non-injury (Ahimsa), speaking verity (Satya),non-stealing
(Asteya),non-adultery (Brahmacharya) andnon-possession (aparigraha). Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life. In
addition to taking these five promises he also claimed on principles of right
conduct, right faith and right knowledge.
Important Training of Mahavira
Teaching1.
Belief in Soul and Karma
Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life. According to Mahavira every element was a combination
of material and spiritual factors. While the material factor is perishable, the
spiritual factor is external and constantly evolving itself. He held that the
soul was held in a state of thrall due to air.
The soul can be released from the thrall by getting
relieve of heartstrings. He believed that the soul could be eventually
liberated only by the decomposition of Karmik force. According to him with the
decay of the karmas the natural value of the soul can be stressed and the soul
shines in full refulgence. When the soul attains horizonless greatness it
becomes Paramatma, the pure soul, with horizonless knowledge, power and bliss.
Teaching
2. Nirvana
The principal object of life according to Mahavira is
to attain deliverance. He thus claimed on avoiding evil Karmas, help all kinds
of fresh Karmas and destroy the living bones. According to him this could be
attained through five promisesviz.,non-injury (Ahimsa), speaking verity
(Satya),non-stealing (Asteya),non-adultery (Brahmacharya) andnon-possession
(aparigraha).
In addition to taking these five promises he also
claimed on principles of right conduct, right faith and right knowledge. Right
conduct inferred a equitable station towards senses. He said that we must treat
the mournings and happiness on equal planks.
Right faith meant belief in the Jinas and right
knowledge meant the knowledge of the eventual emancipation. The below promises
and principles were meant for the householders. The Monksetc. had to follow a
more severe law. Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life.
Teaching 3. Non-Belief in God
Mahavira didn't believe in God nor did he believe that
He created the world or exercised any particular control over it. According to
him the world noway comes to an end. Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life.No matter ends, it simply changes its
form. Since the macrocosm is also composed of certain matters it simply changes
its form. We easily find the influence of the Sankhya gospel as far as this
principle is concerned.
Mahavira further believed that the liberation of man
doesn't depend on the mercy of any outside authority. Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life. The man was the maker of
his own fortune. While leading a life of austerity and tone- confusion man can
get relieve of his miseries and sorrows. According to Mahavira the stylish way
to attain deliverance is through repudiation.
Teaching 4. Rejection of Vedas
Jainism also rejected the proposition of the Vedas and
attached no significance to the sacrificial rituals of the Brahmans. Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life.
Teaching 5. Ahimsa
Mahavira laid too important significance on Ahimsa.
According to him all brutes, creatures, shops, monuments, jewelsetc. retain
life and bone shouldn't do any detriment to the other in speech, deed or
action. Though this principle wasn't entirely a new bone, credit goes to the
Jains that they vulgarized it and thereby put an end to the practice of
colorful types of offerings.
Teaching 6. Freedom to Women
Mahavira favoured the freedom of women and believed
that they also had the right to attain Nirvana. Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life. In this respect Mahavira followed
the illustration of his precursor, Parsva Nath. Women were allowed in the Jain
Sangha and numerous women came Sarmini and Sravikas.
Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life. It'll be apparent from the below training of Mahavira
that he was further of a leftist of the being religion rather than the author
of a new faith.
According
toA.M. Ghatage,
“Jainism is therefore a moral law rather than a
religion in the ultramodern western sense of the term. It recognised no Supreme
Being, but there was a whole world of deified men who had been spiritually
great. Every soul held the eventuality of getting as great as they. And if the
necessity arose Jainism wasn't unintentional to admit a God of popular Hinduism
to this world. Besides it was also not opposed to the proposition of’ estate.
It was therefore veritably much lower foe and further accommodating to Hinduism
than the other heterodox systems.
It must also be remembered that Jainism didn't
dogmatise. According to its abecedarian sense, no absolute protestation or
denial was possible. When all knowledge is only probable and relative your
opponent’s view is as likely to be true as yours. The result of this spirit of
accommodation was that Jainism has survived in India till moment, whereas,
Buddhism. It’s binary family, had to look for habitation away.”
Both of them are the epitome of peace, epitome of
belief, epitome of love. Love for mortal beings as well as creatures, trusting
them. Leading the ordinary humans beings to follow the path of church, to take
mortal beings out from their anguish and sadness, whatever Sadhan process
they've laid remembering them. These training Gould be imbibed from them which
shall come precious upadeshas for mortal beings.
Buddha and Mahaveera tutored about non-violence. Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life. That's
veritably pivotal for a peaceful society.
The main tutoring to understand is that do not do air
which btings suffering for you or others. All other training were attempt to
explain this main principle. Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life.
Ethical values of Buddha and Mahaveera were of a high
standard. There were some contradictions too, but core training are as useful
as they were 2500 times agone.
In order to understand them duly, you should read
interpretations of ultramodern scholars like DT Suzuki, Alan Watts, Osho.
Some people might say that these aren't original forms
of Buddhism or Jainism. But the core is same, they're interpreted on
ultramodern way. Which makes further sense to us. Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life.
We're living in the age of wisdom and technology. The
growth of the scientific knowledge and technology have given new confines to
our life and told each and every field of our living. Science has done a great
service to humanity by furnishing amenities of affAnalyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life. able living and saved him from
numerous miseries and misgivings of the primitive history. It has also
destroyed numerous superstitions and religious dogmas, but at the same time it
has also pulled the moral, religious and artistic values of our society.
Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life.Our traditional religious values and beliefs have been thrown down by this growth of scientific knowledge and out- look. We know much about the snippet but not about the values demanded for a meaningful and peaceful life. We're living in the state of chaos. Our life is full of instigations, emotional diseases and value conflicts. Therefore our age is also the age of anxiety and internal pressures. Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life.
Moment what's demanded for a man, is internal peace and a complete integration with his own personality as well as with his social terrain. Can religion, in general and Jainism in particular match this need of our times? Yes, it can. Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life. Religion for Jain thinkers, doesn't mean some superstitions, dogmas and rituals, it has some eternal merits and values, which can meet the requirements of the time. First of all we should try to understand its real meaning and substance.
The Substance of Religion
Our abecedarian question is what we mean by the term
religion? Numerous of the western scholars define religion as faith. Prof. E.B.
Taylor writes “ Religion is the belief in spiritual beings.” Prof., Hoffding
mentions “ Religion is faith in the conservation of values.”
According to Jaina thinkers also the inner core of
religion is faith, but it's the faith in our own actuality and our own real
nature, religion is a establishment belief in some eternal and spiritual values
which are more essential for the uplift and actuality of humanity. In the
notorious Jaina textbook, Kartikeyanupreksa dharma (religion) is defined as the
real nature of the effects.
If it's so, also question arises what's the real nature
of mortal being? Lord Mahavira has given two delineations of religion in
Acarangasutra. He says “ Worthy people sermonize that the religion is internal
imperturbability.” Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life.
Imperturbability is considered as a core or substance
of religion, because it's the real nature or substance of all the living beings
including mortal beings also. In a Jaina textbook known as Bhagavati-sutra
there's a discussion between Lord Mahavira and Gautama.5 Gautama asked Mahavira
“ What's the nature of soul?” and Mahavira answered “ The nature of soul is
imperturbability.” Gautama again asked “ What's ultimate end of soul?” and
Mahavira replied “ The ultimate end of soul is also imperturbability.” Acarya
Knndakunda also equated the word‘samaya’or‘samata’with svabhava or essential
nature of soul, further he also explained “ Sva-samaya or sva-svabhava is the
ultimate thing of our life.”
In Jainism, religion is nothing but a practice for the
consummation of our own essential nature of sva-svabhava. This enjoying of
one’s own essential nature means to remain constant in sakibhava or drastahava.
It's the state of pure knowership or subjectivity. In this state the knowledge
is fully free from constant flickerings, instigations and emotional diseases
and mind becomes pacific.
It's thepre-condition for enjoying spiritual happiness
and the way to get freedom from internal pressures, which are the vibhavas or
impure countries of mind. This is known in Jainism as samayika or practice for
imperturbability of mind. Nothing wants to live in a state of internal
pressures, every one would like no pressure but relaxation, not anxiety but
satisfaction. This shows that our real nature is working in us for a internal
peace or imperturbability and religion is nothing but a way of achieving this
internal peace. According to Jainism the duty of a religious order is to
explain the means by which man can achieve the imperturbability of mind or
internal peace. In Jainism this system of achieving internal peace and
imperturbability is called samayika, which is the first and foremost duty among
six essential duties of the monks and the householders.
The triple path of right knowledge, right station and
right conduct is only an operation of imperturbability (samatva) in the three
aspects of our conscious life i.e. knowing, feeling and willing. Indeed
mindedness, broader and unprejudiced outlook and regard for others testaments
and studies are regarded as imperturbability of knowledge or right knowledge.
Detachment from the objects of worldly pleasures, balanced state of mind and the feeling of equivalency are considered as imperturbability of feeling i.e. right station or samyak-darsana and control over one’s solicitations, regard for other’s life and property, equal treatment in social life are known as imperturbability of willing or right conduct. Again, right conduct consists of three organs i.e. mind, body and speech.
According to Jaina thinkers
Imperturbability of mind, body and speech should be a
directive principle of religious life. The imperturbability of mind
isnon-attachment (anasakti or aparigraha), imperturbability of body
isnon-violence (ahimsa) and imperturbability of speech isnon-absolutism
(anekanta or syadvada). Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life.
Non-attachment,non-violence andnon-absolutism are the three pillars of Jainism, and are completely competent to meet the requirements of our age and to establish peace and harmony in the world. Analyse any two cardinal principles of Mahavira. How they are relevant even today and can be practised in your daily life.
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